雙語：如何給人留下良好第一印象

Eachtimeyoupickupthephoneandchatwithanewperson,thatstrangerissubconciouslyjudgingyoufromyourfirst"hello."Don'tgetmad:you,too,arejudgingthem.Newresearchindicatesthatwebegintoformfirstimpressionsbasedonhowsomeonesays"hello,"ScienceNOWreports—specifically,onhowthetoneoftheirvoicesounds.

每當(dāng)你和一個(gè)陌生人通過電話聊天，他下意識(shí)地會(huì)根據(jù)你的第一句“哈啰”來評(píng)價(jià)你。別生氣：你也是這樣評(píng)價(jià)他們的?！督袢湛茖W(xué)》雜志報(bào)道稱，新研究表明我們根據(jù)別人是如何說“哈啰”，即問好的方式，迅速形成第一印象------具體地來說，是根據(jù)他們的聲調(diào)。

ResearchersintheU.K.recruitedaround60undergraduatestudents—halfmale,halffemale—andrecordedthemreadingashortpassageinanon-descriptvoice,ScienceNOWdescribes.Theteamediteddowntherecordings,leavingonlythepartwherethestudentspickedupthephoneandsaid"hello."Theythenaskedover300otherstudentstolistentotherecordingsofthatsinglewordandaskedtogiveanimpressionoftheunseenpersonspeakingit,suchashowtrustworthytheythoughtthatpersonwasorhowwarmtheirpersonalitysounded.(ScienceNOWprovideslinksforlisteningtobothasupposedlytrustworthyandanuntrustworthypersonsay"hello.")

《今日科學(xué)》報(bào)道稱，英國(guó)的研究人員調(diào)查者雇用了60名本科生——其中男女各一半——請(qǐng)他們用非描述性聲音朗讀一小段話，并錄音。調(diào)查團(tuán)隊(duì)對(duì)錄音進(jìn)行剪輯，只留下學(xué)生拿起電話說“你好”那部分。然后，他們另外邀請(qǐng)了300多名學(xué)生聽“哈羅”的錄音，請(qǐng)他們給出對(duì)這個(gè)尚未謀面的說話者的印象，例如此人是否可靠或者性格是否溫和。(《今日科學(xué)》提供鏈接，讓人聽聽被猜想為是可靠和不可靠的人是如何說“哈羅”的)。

Thestudentsdidn'thesitatetomakejudgementsaboutthespeakersattheotherendoftheline,andonaveragetheirassessmentsofthoseindividuals'personalitiesconverged,ScienceNOWreprots.Here'smoreonthosefindings:

《今日科學(xué)》表示，學(xué)生聽完后，毫不猶豫地就對(duì)說話者作出判斷；大多數(shù)人對(duì)同一個(gè)聲音作出的判斷大致相同。更多的發(fā)現(xiàn)：

Menwhoraisedthetoneoftheirvoices,andwomenwhoalternatedthepitchoftheirvoiceswereratedasmoretrustworthy.Menwithlowerpitchedvoicesweregenerallyperceivedasmoredominant.Buttheoppositewastrueforwomen:Thosewithhigheraveragepitchwereratedasmoredominant。

一般來說，大家覺得提高聲調(diào)的男性和交替音調(diào)的女性更可靠。音調(diào)低沉的男性比較強(qiáng)勢(shì)，而女性則相反，大家認(rèn)為音調(diào)高的女性更強(qiáng)勢(shì)。

Ourvocaltones,theresarchersconclude,arejustonemoretraitonthelistofthingswearejudgedby—andusetojudge—eachtimeweencounteranewperson,evenifwehavenocontroloversomeofthosetraits.

調(diào)查者總結(jié)說，音調(diào)是人們用于相互評(píng)價(jià)的特征之一：每當(dāng)我們遇上一個(gè)新朋友，別人就會(huì)根據(jù)音調(diào)評(píng)價(jià)我們——我們也會(huì)根據(jù)音調(diào)評(píng)價(jià)對(duì)方——即使我們無法控制其中一些特征。