昆明世紀(jì)青年：雅思寫作中因果關(guān)系表達(dá)的干貨總結(jié)

雅思大作文中有一類題目是因果關(guān)系類，具體包括三小類：causeandeffect、causeandsolution、problemandsolution。這三小類問題也可以穿起來，即針對某個topic的cause—effect（即problem）–solution。

無論哪種題目，寫明因果關(guān)系很重要。關(guān)于因果關(guān)系的表達(dá)同學(xué)們都很熟悉，無非是BS（because/so），而且大家也一定很清楚的知道BS在英語中，用了前者就不能用后者的道理。例如

Becausefurther

educationhasbemoreaccessibleforawiderrangeofpeople,anincreasing

numberofpeoplehavedegrees

Furthereducation

hasbemoreaccessibleforawiderrangeofpeople,soanincreasingnumber

ofpeoplehavedegrees.

但是除了BS之外，還有很多其它表示因果關(guān)系的表達(dá)，具體如下：

Because系列（表原因）：

1.becauseof:

because后接的是一個句子（主謂賓)；becauseof后一般直接跟名詞。例如：

Becauseofthe

increasingnumberofmachine—andaswenotedbefore,machinesmagnifyhuman

effort—thenanyoneusingamachinecan

getahigherwage

thananyonenotusingamachine.

2.as/since(除了“因為“外，還有”自從”的意思，使用時要注意避免歧義)

Hoursspenton

commuting,trafficjams,andfightsforparkingshoulddiminish,sinceworkers

makefewerjourneysorworkstaggeredhours

Unfortunately,as

thenumberofpeoplelivinginthecityincreases,sodothedifferentproblems

associatedwithpopulationgrowth.（注意此句中的so不表示“所以”，而是“…也…”的意思）

3.thanksto

(positivesituations通常適用于結(jié)果好的時候)

Thankstonew

technology,it'seasierthanevertoworkremotely.

dueto(negative

situations通常使用與結(jié)果不好的時候)

owingto/

attributableto/onaccountof

Dueto/…/On

accountofextremeweatherconditions,damagetopropertyoccurs.

4.當(dāng)原因需要的表達(dá)較多時，我們還可以把以上表達(dá)改寫為原因狀語從句，使用thankstothefactthat/duetothefact

that/owingtothefactthat或者onthegroundsthat,,,

Willwelive

longermerelyduetothefactthat/on

thegroundsthattechnology,ifimplementedproperly,willtakestressaway

fromourlives

5.causedby/

resultfrom也表原因

Manycaraccidents

wereresultedfrom/causedbyalackofguardrails

So系列（表結(jié)果）：

1.thus/therefore

/thereby/hence

thus:表示‘inthis/thatway’

Asacountry

develops,itscitiesbetheenginesofdevelopment,thusjobsareavailable

intheseareas.

therefore:表示‘forthisreason’/‘becauseofthisorthat’

Therefore,the

influenceofthepeergroupisimportantbothforone’sownpetenceandfor

therelativeevaluationoftheprocessitself,giventhatoneseesoneselfin

relationtoothers.

thereby:bythat

means,asaresultofthat

Insomecountries,

reducedbudgetshaveledtotheeliminationofbusingsystems,thereby

increasingtheuseofcarsandthecongestiontheycreate.

hence:表示‘fromthis/that’

Drinkinglotsof

waterishealthyandreducingplasticwasteisgreatfortheenvironment.

Hence,trendyreusablewaterbottlesthatyoucanrefillyourselfare

health-promoting,eco-friendly,andgreen.

2.Asaresult/

Asaconsequence

Asaresult,those

peoplewhowereindoorshadmuchlighterskin,whichmeansthatwhiterskinis

nowassociatedwithhavingahigherstatusthandarkskin.

Asaconsequence,

environmentalhealthmustaddressthesocietalandenvironmentalfactorsthat

increasethelikelihoodofexposureanddisease.

3.consequently

/accordingly

Consequently更偏重因果邏輯；accordingly更偏重后續(xù)解決

Waterpollution

affectsdrinkingwater,rivers,lakesandoceansallovertheworld.This

consequentlyharmshumanhealthandthenaturalenvironment.

Someofthelaws

werecontradictory.Accordingly,measuresweretakentoclarifythem.

Cause系列（表結(jié)果）：

1.cause(v.)引起

Theamountof

garbageproducedbythepeoplealsoincreaseswhichcausessanitarylandfillsto

fillupfaster.

2.leadto/result

in導(dǎo)致

注意這里是resultin,后跟結(jié)果，前面提到的resultfrom后面跟的是原因。

Thesociety’s

attitudetofoodoftenleadstoover-consumption.

3.bringabout:to

causetotakeplace引起，帶來(注意使用時更傾向于“帶來“這個意思)

Theinte

technologiesthathavebroughtaboutsomuchsocialchangewerescarcely

imaginablejustdecadesbeforetheyappeared.

4.sparkoff引發(fā)、引爆，具體指引發(fā)比較嚴(yán)重的后果、沖突等(=trigger/activate)，或指”點燃“(=inspire)

Sparkoffaseries

ofproblems/achainofeventsrelatedto…

Theycansparkoff

eachother'stalents

affect系列（影響到）

1.

Affect/influence

Morelikelythan

not,gettingavehiclefrompoint"A"topoint"B"involves

combustionofafossilfuel,aprocessthatemitsgassesandaffectsthe

environmentandtheozonelayer.

People'sbehavior

isinfluencedbycircumstancesandevents,friendsandfamily,education,job

prospects,ie,housingandenvironment.

2.impacton對…產(chǎn)生影響(impact一般做名詞使用，也可以作為動詞

Overthelastfew

decades,therehasbeenatremendousgrowthininformationtechnology,which

canimpactonoureverydaylife.

3.giveriseto使發(fā)生

Thedecreaseinthe

numberofbicyclesandcarsmightgiverisetoanothernewsetofproblems.

名詞系列（因果）

1.cause(of

sth.)/reason原因

Obesitycanbe

dividedintothreemaincauses–diet,lifestyleandeducation.

Thousandsof

peoplemigratetothecitiesnotonlyforjobsbutalsoforeducationaland

personalreasons.

2.result(for

sth.)/effect結(jié)果

Thisisa

difficultproblemwithmanyseriouseffectsontheindividualandcountry.

Anotherresultis

lackofself-esteem.

3.causality因果關(guān)系(causeandeffect)causation原因

Thecorrelation

betweenpopulationandhousingpricedoesnotindicatedcausality,onlythe

association.這里的causality也可以換成：causaleffect（因果效應(yīng)）

Sucha

causality-driven,prevention-focusedapproachtohomicideandotherserious

crimewouldrevolutionizeourconceptionofcriminaljustice,movingfromthe

impositionof“justdeserts”totheenlightenedpursuitofalessviolent

society.

4.impact/influence

影響

Thisareaisoften

overlookedbuthasatremendousimpactonyourlife

Friendshavea

biginfluenceonthewaythatweusesocialmedia—fromunwrittenrulestobuying

decisionsandsomuchmore.

形容詞系列（因果）表示因果的形容詞不是很常用，使用時多和factor,element結(jié)合

1.causal原因的，因果的

Lowieand

elderlyareamongthepotentialcausalfactorsofprevalenceofobesityamong

adults

2.consequential結(jié)果的，隨之發(fā)生的

Measuresother

thanratingswillprovemoreconsequential

3.influential影響的，有影響力的（大多數(shù)情況下使用第二個意思）

Familyisthemost

influentialfactoronhappiness.

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