雅思寫作,讓步段,不讓分
143 2017-04-25
一.五段式中用于第三個(gè)主體段
在五段式的大作文中,三個(gè)主體段一般都是以“單邊”的方式,“一邊倒”的支持某一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。而若將最后一個(gè)主體段寫成讓步段,不僅可以照顧到反方的論點(diǎn),而且更有利于進(jìn)一步支持和強(qiáng)化本段的觀點(diǎn),從而起到強(qiáng)化論述的效果:
Obviously,noteverycelebrityisgenerous.Some,Iamsure,keepalltheirmoneyforthemselves.ButtherearepeoplelikeBillGateswhoarewellknownformakingdonations,attendingcharitablefunctionsandtakingpartinarangeofactivitiesthatsupportpeoplelessfortunatethanthemselves.
在寫讓步段的時(shí)候,我們必須要使用表“轉(zhuǎn)折”的連詞,常用的有but,however,nevertheless,nheless等。有時(shí)候我們還可以使用讓步狀語(yǔ)從句來(lái)引導(dǎo)讓步段,涉及的連詞有:despite,inspiteof,although,though,eventhough,evenif等。在上面這個(gè)例子中,我們看到作者用了2個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句來(lái)描寫反面的觀點(diǎn),對(duì)于用來(lái)描寫反面觀點(diǎn)的句子,朗閣海外考試研究中心建議一般以1—3句話為宜,而轉(zhuǎn)折后的句子,通常在長(zhǎng)度上要超過(guò)前面的句子。下面我們?cè)賮?lái)看一個(gè)讓步段:
題目:Veryfewschoolchildrenlearnaboutthevalueofmoneyandhowtolookafterit,yetthisisacriticallifeskillthatshouldbetaughtaspartoftheschoolcurriculum.Doyouagreewiththisstatement?
Itispossiblytruethatschoolscouldtrytomakechildrenunderstandtheimportanceofalltheseareas,butchildrenareyoungandcannotlookintothefutureorpredicttheskillsthattheywillneed.
上面這個(gè)讓步段非常簡(jiǎn)潔,請(qǐng)注意作者使用的句型:“Itispossiblytruethat...”,這是我們?cè)谧尣蕉卫锝?jīng)常用來(lái)開頭的句型。下面我們?cè)賮?lái)看看如何用讓步狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)讓步段:
AlthoughwatchingTVorplayingputergamesdoenrichchildren’ssparetimeandbroadentheirhorizontosomeextent,asedentarylifestylereduceshealthyoutdooractivitiesandwillhavelong-termmedicalconsequencesforchildren.Anincreasingnumberofchildrensufferfromobesityandnear-sightednessasaresultofspendingtoomuchtimeinfrontofaflashingscreen.
在這個(gè)段落中,作者使用了讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,在繼續(xù)論述“久坐”的生活方式對(duì)孩子健康方面的弊端前,先說(shuō)了一下它的優(yōu)點(diǎn),進(jìn)而反駁,從而起到了鮮明的對(duì)比反差效果,突出了這種生活方式對(duì)孩子健康造成的巨大傷害。
二.五段式每段都用讓步段
這種寫法屬于非主流寫法,需要考生具備一定的寫作功底,對(duì)論點(diǎn)的把握火候得當(dāng)。這種寫法類似于新托福中綜合寫作里質(zhì)疑論據(jù)合理性的寫法。對(duì)于志在高分的同學(xué)來(lái)說(shuō)可以嘗試一下,下面我們就來(lái)看一個(gè)例子:
Thoseagainsttheuseofanimaltestingclaimthatitisinhumanetouseanimalinexperiments.Idisagreepletely.Itwouldbemuchmoreinhumanetotestnewdrugsonchildrenoradults.Evenifitwerepossible,itwouldalsotakemuchlongertoseepotentialeffects,becauseofthelengthoftimeweliveparedtolaboratoryanimalssuchasratsorrabbits.
Opponentsofanimaltestingalsoclaimthattheresultsarenotapplicabletohumans.Thismaybepartlytrue.Somedrugshavehadtobewithdrawn,despitetesting.However,wesimplydonothavealternativemethodsoftesting.Computermodelsarenotadvancedenough,andtestingonplantsismuchlessapplicabletohumansthantestsonanimalssuchasmonkeys.Untilwehaveabettersystem,wemustuseanimaltesting.
Afurtherpointoftenraisedagainstanimaltestingisthatitiscruel.Someofthetestscertainlyseempainful,butthegreatmajorityofpeopleonthispleatmeatorwearleatherwithoutanyguilt.Whereistheirsympathyforanimals?Furthermore,animalsclearlydonotfeelthesamewayashumans,andscientistsarecarefultominimizestressintheanimals,sincethiswoulddamagetheirresearch.
這篇作文是關(guān)于是否應(yīng)該拿動(dòng)物做實(shí)驗(yàn)的話題。作者是支持繼續(xù)拿動(dòng)物做實(shí)驗(yàn)的,在他的每個(gè)主體段中,他都是先講了反對(duì)者的一個(gè)觀點(diǎn),然后再反駁。請(qǐng)密切關(guān)注下作者在每個(gè)主體段首句中使用的句型:“Thoseagainst...claimthat...”;“Opponentsof...alsoclaimthat...”;“Afurtherpointoftenraisedagainst...isthat...”。前2句為賓語(yǔ)從句,最后一句為表語(yǔ)從句。從主語(yǔ)的選擇上作者也花了心思,分別在第一句和第二句使用了不同單詞組合,但是意思是一致的。因此朗閣海外考試研究中心建議大家不妨在一開始寫主體段首句的時(shí)候先模仿他的這種寫法。接下來(lái)我們?cè)賮?lái)看看次句的句型:“Idisagreepletely”;“Thismaybepartlytrue”;“Someofthe...,but...”。這三組句型同樣做到了抑揚(yáng)頓挫,第一個(gè)句子語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng),而后二個(gè)句子語(yǔ)氣明顯遞減。對(duì)于這種安排,筆者認(rèn)為并非一定要按照他的模式,這取決于你在三個(gè)段落中的觀點(diǎn)的排列,但是一般來(lái)說(shuō),語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)的或者最重要的那個(gè)觀點(diǎn),要么放在第一段寫,要么放到最后一段里寫。筆者推薦將最重要的觀點(diǎn)放在第一個(gè)主體段里論述。
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