新托福閱讀文章解密 (系列文章之二)
220 2017-05-25
朗閣海外考試研究中心
文章標(biāo)題 |
Groundwater |
所屬話題 |
自然科學(xué)類之地球科學(xué) |
文章體裁 |
科技說明文 |
文章結(jié)構(gòu) |
分類 |
難度系數(shù) |
文章難度★★★★★ 題目難度:★★★★ |
各題型數(shù)量 |
詞匯題(5題) 直接事實(shí)題(3題) 否定排除題(1題) 推論題(1題) 句子簡(jiǎn)化題(1題) 修辭目的題(1題) 插入文本題(1題) 摘要題(1題) |
高頻話題詞 總結(jié) |
groundwater 地下水 saturate 浸透,浸濕 abundant 大量的,充足的,豐富的 soak 浸泡,浸透,濕透 emerge 出現(xiàn),暴露 incredible 不可思議的,驚人的,難以置信的 particle 顆粒,微粒 consolidate 合并,鞏固,加強(qiáng) beneath 在…的下方 sediment 沉淀物,沉積物 glacial 冰的,冰(河)川的 melt 融化,溶解 deposit 寄存,放置,安置 current 水流 seafloor 海底 inland 內(nèi)地,內(nèi)陸 riverbed 河床 sandbar 沙洲 dissolve 溶解,融化 consist 包含 bubble 泡,水泡 porosity 多孔性,有孔性 permeability 滲透性,可滲透性 ease 輕松,容易 drain 排水,流干 solid 固體的,結(jié)實(shí)的,可靠的 tension 張力,拉力 vary 變化 pore 毛孔,氣孔,細(xì)孔 overcome 戰(zhàn)勝,克服 |
長(zhǎng)難句 |
1. Groundwater is the word used to describe water that saturates the ground, filling all the available spaces.
分析:主句為Groundwater is the word;used to describe water為過去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ),做word的定語(yǔ);that saturates the ground, filling all the available spaces為定語(yǔ)從句,做water的定語(yǔ),關(guān)系詞為that;在此定語(yǔ)從句中,filling all the available spaces為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)做伴隨狀語(yǔ)。
2. The water was always laden with pebbles, gravel, and sand, known as glacial outwash, that was deposited as the flow slowed down.
分析:主句為The water was always laden with pebbles, gravel, and sand;“known as glacial outwash”為過去分詞短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ),做pebbles, gravel, and sand的定語(yǔ);“that was deposited as the flow slowed down.”為定語(yǔ)從句,做glacial outwash的定語(yǔ),關(guān)系詞為that。
3. The same thing happens to this day, though on a smaller scale, wherever a sediment-laden river or stream emerges from a mountain valley onto relatively flat land, dropping its load as the current slows: the water usually spreads out fanwise, depositing the sediment in the form of a smooth, fan-shaped slope.
分析:主句為“The same thing happens”;“to this day”為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ);“though on a smaller scale”為讓步狀語(yǔ);“wherever a sediment-laden river or stream emerges from a mountain valley onto relatively flat land, dropping its load as the current slows: the water usually spreads out fanwise, depositing the sediment in the form of a smooth, fan-shaped slope.”為wherever引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句,在此地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句中“dropping its load as the current slows: the water usually spreads out fanwise, depositing the sediment in the form of a smooth, fan-shaped slope.”為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)做伴隨狀語(yǔ),而此伴隨狀語(yǔ)中冒號(hào)后面的內(nèi)容為解釋前文。 |
自然科學(xué)類之地球科學(xué)的 其他話題 |
地球構(gòu)造(地殼、構(gòu)成元素、活動(dòng)) 氣候(城市熱島、天氣預(yù)報(bào)、風(fēng)向風(fēng)蝕) 巖土(礦物、土壤、化石、凍土) 火山(成因、預(yù)測(cè)) 冰川(冰川、海岸線、水資源) 沙漠(分類、特例、形成) |
文章標(biāo)題
Desert Formation
所屬話題
自然科學(xué)類之地球科學(xué)
文章體裁
科技說明文
文章結(jié)構(gòu)
原因(cause)/ 結(jié)果(effect)
難度系數(shù)
文章難度★★★ 題目難度:★★★
各題型數(shù)量
詞匯題(4題) 直接事實(shí)題(4題) 否定排除題(1題)
句子簡(jiǎn)化題(1題) 推理題(1題) 插入文本題(1題)
摘要題(1題)
高頻話題詞
總結(jié)
formation 形成
alarming 使人驚慌的,使人害怕的
previous 先前的,以前的
desertification 沙漠化
primarily 首要地,主要地,根本上
stabilize (使)穩(wěn)定,(使)穩(wěn)固
vegetation 植物,草木
subsequent 后來的,隨后的
accelerate 加速
erosion 腐蝕,侵蝕,磨損
accumulate 堆積,積累
retain 保持
absorb 吸收
substantial 大量的,相當(dāng)程度的,重大的
transfer 轉(zhuǎn)移
penetration 滲透,穿透
runoff 流量,徑流,溢流
progressive 逐漸的,逐步的
deterioration 惡化
semiarid 半干旱的
delicate 纖弱的,易損的
ecological 生態(tài)的
potential 潛力,潛能
adjust 適應(yīng),調(diào)整
subject 使經(jīng)受,使遭受
excess 超過
specific 明確的,具體的,特種的
contributor 原因,促成因素
overcultivation 過度種植
overgrazing 過度放牧
overirrigation 過度灌溉
density 密度
severe 嚴(yán)重的
necessitate 使...成為必要,需要
prior 先前的
removal 除去,消除
extensive 廣泛的
devoid 缺乏,沒有
susceptible 易受影響的
livestock 家畜,牲畜
dominant 主導(dǎo)的,支配的
excessive 過多的
trample 踐踏,蹂躪
pulverization 開裂
valuable 有價(jià)值的
nutrient 營(yíng)養(yǎng)
salinization 鹽化
dissolve 溶解,融化
evaporate 蒸發(fā)
tremendous 極大的,巨大的
reverse 逆轉(zhuǎn),顛倒
長(zhǎng)難句
1. The impact of raindrops on the loose soil tends to transfer fine clay particles into the tiniest soil spaces, sealing them and producing a surface that allows very little water penetration.
分析:主句為“The impact of raindrops on the loose soil tends to transfer fine clay particles into the tiniest soil spaces”;“sealing them and producing a surface that allows very little water penetration.”為并列的兩個(gè)現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)做伴隨狀語(yǔ),連接詞省掉;在此伴隨狀語(yǔ)中“that allows very little water penetration.”為定語(yǔ)從句,做a surface的定語(yǔ),關(guān)系詞為that。
2. The gradual drying of the soil caused by its diminished ability to absorb water results in the further loss of vegetation, so that a cycle of progressive surface deterioration is established.
分析:主句為“The gradual drying of the soil results in the further loss of vegetation”;“caused by its diminished ability to absorb water”為過去分詞短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ),做The gradual drying of the soil的定語(yǔ);“so that a cycle of progressive surface deterioration is established.”為so that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。
3. The water evaporates and the salts are left behind, creating a white crustal layer that prevents air and water from reaching the underlying soil.
分析:此句為并列句,“The water evaporates”和“the salts are left behind”并列;“creating a white crustal layer”為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)做伴隨狀語(yǔ);“that prevents air and water from reaching the underlying soil”為定語(yǔ)從句,做a white crustal layer的定語(yǔ),關(guān)系詞為that。
自然科學(xué)類之地球科學(xué)的其他話題
地球構(gòu)造(地殼、構(gòu)成元素、活動(dòng))
氣候(城市熱島、天氣預(yù)報(bào)、風(fēng)向風(fēng)蝕)
巖土(礦物、土壤、化石、凍土)
火山(成因、預(yù)測(cè))
冰川(冰川、海岸線、水資源)
沙漠(分類、特例)
掃一掃
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