雅思寫作中如何正確應(yīng)用定語從句

朗閣海外考試研究中心

雅思寫作影響高分的關(guān)鍵因素，就是定話從句在寫作中的應(yīng)用。好多考生經(jīng)常練習(xí)定語從句，卻不知道怎么有效的備考。

定語從句是中國考生在雅思寫作中用得最多的一種從句，也是最純熟的從句，但是為什么寫了大量定語從句的中國考生雅思寫作成績平均分一直保持在5.5分以下呢，到底是從句寫得不恰當(dāng)使用錯誤，還是因為用得太多而分?jǐn)?shù)不高？本文中，朗閣海外考試研究中心的專家將帶領(lǐng)各位考生分析這其中的原因。

一、用法不當(dāng)

很多中國考生認(rèn)為因為which使用次數(shù)更少，所以在定語從句中which會比that使用分?jǐn)?shù)更高，這其實是一個誤區(qū)，因為which不能取代that在所有的定語從句中的使用。

A可共用的地方——指代一般物

例如：

Theamountoftherubbishthatweproduceisincreasingatanalarmingrate.

在這句話中，that就可以用which取代，而且建議考生當(dāng)that和which在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語的情況下能省略就省略。

再如：

Theproblemthathasbeenunderdebateforseveraldecadesisthatthebasicfacilitiesandinfrastructureareunlikelytosatisfytheneedsofmoretourists.

B不能共用的地方——只能用which，不能用that

例如：

Studentslivingintheirownhomeswouldliveamorefortablelifeandhavemoreopportunitiestomunicatewiththeirparents,whichhasabeneficialimpactonthedevelopmentoftheirpersonalcharacter.

再如：

Television,themostpervasivemeansofentertainmentfortheaveragepublic,isadvancingtowardsanentirelynewera,aneraofextraordinarysophisticationandversatility,whichislikelytoreshapetheworld.

在這兩句話中，which都是不可以用that取代的，因為which在文章中指代的是前面的整句話，所以which后面的謂語動詞用的也是單三形式。當(dāng)which在從句里面用來表示前面整句話造成的影響時，which前面要用逗號，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。

C只能使用that，不能使用which的地方

1.當(dāng)先行詞為all、little、much、few、everything、none等不定代詞時關(guān)系代詞用that而不用which。

Manypeopleholdtheviewthattheycandonothingtoprotectthefragileenvironment,andeverythingthatdoeshavegoodimpactsontheenvironmentcanonlybeimplementedwiththepoliticalwill.

Therewouldbefewthatcouldpursueacareerwithoutfuture.

2.當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時，關(guān)系代詞用that，不用which。

Thereareagreatnumberofignorantpeopleandlargepaniesthatsacrificetheenvironmenttogetthemaximumprofits.

Themostimportantthingisconcernedwiththereactionofworkersandfactoriesthatdonotagreewiththisnewscheme.

3.當(dāng)先行詞有形容詞最高級修飾時，關(guān)系代詞用that，而不用which。

Manypeoplehaveextraordinarywillingnesstobombardtheirbrainswithnewexperiences,whileothersavoidthelatestthingsthattheythinkwouldmakethemhavethefeelingoffear.

4.當(dāng)先行詞有序數(shù)詞修飾時，關(guān)系代詞用that，不用which。

ThefirstsightthatwascaughtattheGreatWallhasmadealastingimpressiononhim.

Thefirstimpressionthatyouleavetotheintervieweristhemostimportantthingthatdetermineswhetheryouareadmittedbythepany.

5.當(dāng)先行詞被theonly,thevery,thesame,theright等修飾時，關(guān)系代詞用that，不用which。

Travellingexposesthestudentstoavarietyofculturesandnaturalbeautybythemselves,theveryexperiencethatschooleducationcannotprovidetothem.

Thisistheveryhotelthatwelivedlastyear.

6.當(dāng)先行詞被all,every,any,much,little,few,no等修飾時，關(guān)系代詞用that，不用which。

Muchoftheblamethatneedstobetakenshouldbeplacedontouriststhemselves,whofoolishlyclamberedalloverthereveredBuddhastatues.

Everychildthathasauditorydeficitwouldhavedifficultyinlearningtoreachthemaximumpotential.

7.當(dāng)主句是以which開頭的特殊問句時，定語從句關(guān)系代詞一般用that而不用which.

Whichofthebooksthathadpictureswasworthreading?

Manypeoplewonderwhichoftheproblemsthattheyarefacingisthemostpressingoneandshouldberesearchedandsolvedimmediately.

8.指代人時，只可以使用that以及who，而不可以使用which。

Inmyopinion,thereareplentyofopportunitiesforeveryoneinoursociety,butonlythosethatareadequatelypreparedandhighlyqualifiedcanmakefulluseofthem.

that不可以用which取代，因為that前面的先行詞是人，所以只能用that或者who來引導(dǎo)。

9.在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型“Itis...that...”中，只用that，不用which。

Itisthelackoffinancialincentivethatisresponsiblefortheshortageoftalentsintheathleticfield.

Itistalentthatdetermineswhetherapersoncansucceedinanyfield,particularlyintheartisticandmathematicfield.

二、缺乏將定語從句轉(zhuǎn)換成高分的方法

定語從句高分的用法——將定語從句轉(zhuǎn)換成非謂語動詞，修飾前面的先行詞

1.

例如：Thosepeoplewhostronglysupportcapitalpunishmenthavethefollowingreasons.

改成：Thosepeoplestronglysupportingcapitalpunishmenthavethefollowingreasons.

再如：Thosestudentswhostudyinaforeigncountryseemtobemoreself-confident,independentandwell-informed.

改成：Thosestudentsstudyinginaforeigncountryseemtobemoreself-confident,independentandwell-informed.

將從句中的關(guān)聯(lián)詞who去掉，從句的謂語動詞變成了ing形式

2.

例如：Thebuildingsthatwereknockeddownseveralyearsagoarewithneitherfinancialnoraestheticvalues.

改成Thebuildingsknockeddownseveralyearsagoarewithneitherfinancialnoraestheticvalues.

Foodsthatareexportedfromaforeignmarketaremoreexpensivethanthelocalproductsofthesamekind.

改成Foodsexportedfromaforeignmarketaremoreexpensivethanthelocalproductsofthesamekind.

從句中的that照樣去掉，從句的謂語動詞由被動語態(tài)變成了過去分詞。

3

例如：Theforestandbushthathavebeenclearedforagriculturearenowsufferingfromsoilerosion.

改成Theforestandbushhavingbeenclearedforagriculturearenowsufferingfromsoilerosion.

從句中的that去掉，構(gòu)成完成時態(tài)的have變成having，這與主被動沒有關(guān)系。

總之，想要在雅思寫作中拿到高分，一定要將定語從句寫對并且要寫好，而定語從句高分的用法就是將定語從句轉(zhuǎn)換成非謂語動詞，作為后置定語修飾先行詞。