如何提升雅思寫(xiě)作句式變化
173 2017-05-25
如何提升雅思寫(xiě)作句式變化
朗閣雅思培訓(xùn)名師和大家分享如何提升雅思寫(xiě)作句式變化。
一、同義轉(zhuǎn)換
寫(xiě)作中,句式多變的方法和其本身的語(yǔ)言魅力是至關(guān)重要的。當(dāng)然,這只是第一點(diǎn),更重要的是我們不斷強(qiáng)調(diào)的:雅思考試無(wú)處不在的“同義轉(zhuǎn)換”。不管是閱讀還是聽(tīng)力,同義轉(zhuǎn)換現(xiàn)象更是無(wú)處不在了,大家在熟悉了雅思的同義轉(zhuǎn)換現(xiàn)象后,在閱讀理解中能夠很快定位(locate)到答案所在原文的近似位置,從而很快地找到并填對(duì)答案。在任何一篇英文文章中,都能夠體會(huì)到精彩的“同義轉(zhuǎn)換考試技巧”的魔力!
讓我們回到雅思寫(xiě)作中來(lái)。實(shí)際上,我們稍微想一想就可以明白寫(xiě)作和閱讀理解是一回事。有寫(xiě)出來(lái)的文章,才談得上之后讀者或者是考生的閱讀,也就才涉及到閱讀理解的能力等等的說(shuō)法。雅思A類(lèi)寫(xiě)作即學(xué)術(shù)類(lèi)(Academic)寫(xiě)作,要求寫(xiě)出來(lái)的文章是比較正式的文體。為了深刻體會(huì)寫(xiě)作中的同義轉(zhuǎn)換的重要性和必要性,我們來(lái)看下面這篇議論文片段,體會(huì)一下無(wú)處不在的同義轉(zhuǎn)換。
...Thepurposeofourstudyistoconsiderseveralmethodologicalissuesrelevantforstudyofthemarytransmissionprocess.Theseissuesinvolverelativeemphasisonmaryshocksasopposedtosystematicpolicyadjustments;vectorautoregressionvs.Structuralmodellingresearchstrategies...
這里asopposedto等同于vs.(versus的縮寫(xiě)形式),為了避免重復(fù),作者用了同義表達(dá)的技巧。
大家再看一個(gè)典型的雅思作文的片段:
Theappearanceofcarshascausedmanysocialproblems.Whatisyouropinion?
...Ibelievecarshaveindeedcausedmanyproblemsinsocietyandweneedtoreducetheuseofcars.
Firstofall,wemustconsidertheseveretrafficcausedbycars...
Anotherconsiderationisthatcarsgenerateseriouspollution...
Admittedly,carsfacilitateourtravelandmakepeople’sdailymutemucheasierthanbefore.However,theadverseeffectsofcarssignificantlyoutweighthebenefitstheybring.
這里表現(xiàn)的實(shí)際是一種非常常見(jiàn)的同義轉(zhuǎn)換現(xiàn)象,就是不同詞性的轉(zhuǎn)換使用來(lái)表達(dá)相同的意思。動(dòng)詞consider與anotherconsideration的交換使用顯得作者寫(xiě)作技巧成熟,也使得文章不單調(diào)重復(fù),也只有這樣的文章才能符合考官的口味,才能贏得高分!
在學(xué)術(shù)類(lèi)寫(xiě)作中,朗閣海外考試研究中心的專(zhuān)家們認(rèn)為同義詞轉(zhuǎn)換表達(dá)之常見(jiàn)從以下幾段小文章可見(jiàn)一斑。以下都是經(jīng)典的雅思作文范文的節(jié)選,請(qǐng)仔細(xì)體會(huì)模仿。
【范文1】
Anygovernment,whetherrichorpoor,cannotputeverypennyintoeducation,eventhoughitmaybetryingtoimproveoverallconditionsforeducationandtocreatemuchneededrewardsforteachers.Privateschools,ontheotherhand,helptonarrowgovernmentspendingoneducationbychargingwealthystudentsexpensivetuitionfeesinreturnforsuperiorlearningfacilitiesandhighlysoughtafterstaff.Thatiswhygovernmentsthroughouttheworld,whetherdevelopedordeveloping,encourageindividualsandenterprisestoestablishprivateschools.TheChinesegovernmenthasevenputforwardanincentivetosupportanyinterestedparties,bothinChinaandfromoverseas,tohelppromoteandexpandexistingprivateeducationacrossthecountry.
【解析】
rich和wealthy近義
【范文2】
Firstly,modernpeoplesufferfromgreatertensionsothattheyhavelesstimetomunicatewitheachother.Moreandmorepeoplearelivinginurbanareas,wherelifehasaquickrhythm.Duetofiercepetition,citydwellershavetobehard-workinginordertokeepupwiththepaceofcitylife.Everybodyisbusyallthetimeandtheotherincreasingpressuresatworkdepriveusofacasualwayoflife.Moreover,livinginapartmentsinisolatedblocks,wearebingmoreandmoreremovedfromeachother.Andmoreoftenthannot,itisnolongerconvenientforustomeetoneantherfreely.
【解析】
tensions表達(dá)了和pressures完全相同的意思,但是這樣寫(xiě)不會(huì)顯得單調(diào)重復(fù);劃線部分也是一種巧妙的同義改寫(xiě)形式:havelesstimetomunicatewitheachother意思就是bingmoreandmoreremovedfromeachother,但是用了同義轉(zhuǎn)換立即給文章增添了色彩!
【范文3】
Activitiesinenvironmentsthatposegreatdangertohumans,suchaslocatingsunkenships,cleanupofnuclearwaste,prospectingforunderwatermineraldeposits,andactivevolcanoexploration,areideallysuitedtorobots.Similarly,robotscanexploredistantpls.NASA’sGalileo,anunpilotedspaceprobe,travelledtoJupiterin1996andperformedtaskssuchasdeterminingthechemicalcontentoftheatmospherethere.
【解析】
名詞exploration與動(dòng)詞explore交錯(cuò)使用,達(dá)到簡(jiǎn)潔卻又非常有效的同義轉(zhuǎn)換效果!
總之,在雅思寫(xiě)作中,一定要學(xué)會(huì)并能靈活運(yùn)用這種百試不爽的“同義轉(zhuǎn)換”技巧。想一想,在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中,你愿意和一個(gè)說(shuō)話總是重復(fù)一種老套模式的人交談嗎?從這個(gè)角度想,你就能明白為什么你利用“同義轉(zhuǎn)換”雅思考官會(huì)給你一個(gè)好分?jǐn)?shù)了。
二、行云流水
古人講究“行云流水擊節(jié)而歌,杏花巷里沽酒餞行”。只有行文如流水,寫(xiě)出的文章才能彰顯流暢。而英文寫(xiě)作要求的不是那種委婉,要求思路清晰,文章脈絡(luò)一目了然,講究的是很強(qiáng)的邏輯性。這些特點(diǎn)在學(xué)術(shù)性雅思作文中顯得尤為突出。這就要求我們能遵循簡(jiǎn)潔而不是簡(jiǎn)單(concisebutnotsimple)并有邏輯的布局謀篇。
那么如何做到雅思作文的“行云流水”呢?下面我們用一段非常常見(jiàn)的雅思議論文片段來(lái)說(shuō)明:
Avoidingpollutioncanbeafull-timejob.Trynottoinhaletrafficfumes;keepawayfromchemicalplantsandbuilding-sites;wearamaskwhencycling.Itisenoughtomakeyouwanttostayathome.Butthat,accordingtoagrowingbodyofscientificevidence,wouldalsobeabadidea.Researchshowsthatlevelsofpollutantssuchashazardousgases,particulatematterandotherchemical“nasties”areusuallyhigherindoorsthanout,eveninthemostpollutedcities.SincetheaverageAmericanspends18hoursindoorsforeveryhouroutside,itlooksasthoughmanyenvironmentalistsmaybeattackingthewrongtarget.
這段話第一句陳述一個(gè)論斷,緊接著用三個(gè)并列的動(dòng)作(動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn))加以闡釋。接著用指代詞“it”銜接前文提到的內(nèi)容,而后用轉(zhuǎn)折連詞“but”做一個(gè)小轉(zhuǎn)折,最后用一個(gè)“since”呈現(xiàn)出一個(gè)因果關(guān)系(SincetheaverageAmericanspends18hoursindoorsforeveryhouroutside,itlooksasthoughmanyenvironmentalistsmaybeattackingthewrongtarget.)。整段文章非常緊湊,搭配合理,銜接自然緊密,邏輯清晰,用詞多變,是具有代表性的優(yōu)秀段落。這就是我們要達(dá)到的理想雅思作文。
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