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位置: 獵學(xué)網(wǎng) > 學(xué)校機構(gòu) > 沈陽和平雅思培訓(xùn)中心 > 學(xué)習(xí)資訊> 低熱量飲食能減肥?它可能讓你更胖

低熱量飲食能減肥?它可能讓你更胖

216 2017-07-19

Those“Low-Calorie”sectionsthatareincreasinglypoppingupinrestaurantmenus,accordingtoanewstudyappeartohaveabackfireeffect.

“低卡”飲食在當(dāng)今的餐館里非常流行,然而最新的一項研究表明,它可能和人們想象的不太一樣。

InarecentstudypublishedintheJournalofConsumerResearch,placinglow-caloriedishesintotheirownlow-caloriecategorycancauseconsumerstoinsteadchoosehighercaloriemealsthatcouldbemakingthemfatter.

最近發(fā)表在《消費者研究期刊》上的研究表明,將低卡菜肴單獨列出來可能會促使顧客購買更高卡路里的餐點,而這非但對減肥無益,反而會增肥。

ToJeffreyParker,anassistantprofessorofmarketingatGeorgiaStateUniversity,therestaurantmenuprovidestheperfectconditionsfortestingdecision-making.WhentheBuildYourOwnSaladmenusinNewYorkbeganmakinganappearanceineverycornerdeli,hehadtowonderhowthatcouldaffectconsumerchoice.

對于美國佐治亞州立大學(xué)市場教授助理杰弗里·帕克來說,餐廳菜單為測試顧客決策提供了極佳的條件。當(dāng)紐約的各個角落的餐廳都提供著“計劃你自己的沙拉”服務(wù)時,他開始考慮是什么影響了消費者的決策。

“Andeveryonewaswell,isthatactuallyhelpingpeoplemakechoices?”heasked.TogetherwithDonaldR.Lehmann,aColumbiaBusinessprofessor,Parkerhypothesizedthatplacingcaloriesnexttodishesdidn’treallyhelppeoplemakehealthierchoicesandplacingallthoselow-caloriedishesintheirownsectionhelpsevenless.

“大家都對這個服務(wù)反映良好,然而實際上是什么在幫助我們做決策呢?”他問道。于是,和一位哥倫比亞商學(xué)教授唐納德·R·萊曼一起,帕克做出了假設(shè)。他認為,將卡路里標在食物旁邊實際上不能幫人們做出更健康的選擇,而把所有低卡食物都放在一起收效更微。

“Foralotofpeoplelow-cal,healthythingskindofsoundlikenotverybig,notveryfilling,doesn’ttasteverygood,”hesaid.“Evenifthat’snottrue,that’stheinferencetheyhavesotheyimmediatelygo,‘Idon’twantthat’andthentheychoosefromtherestofthemenuwhichmeansthey’regoingtochoosesomethingthat’srelativelyhighcalorie.”

“對于大部分人來說,健康的食物聽起來總像是吃不飽,也不好吃?!彼f,“即使這并不是真的,但是基于自己的推斷,人們還是會直接忽略掉低卡食品。他們會覺得‘我才不想吃那個’,然后去從菜單剩下的食物中選擇,這就意味著他們會選擇一些相對來說卡路里較高的食物?!?/p>

ParkerandLehmann’sstudywasfairlysimple.Participantswereaskedtoselectanitemfromanumberofmenus,whichwererandomlyassigned.Thefirst“traditional”menulookedmuchlikearegularrestaurantmenuwheredishesdidnotfeatureanyspecial“Chef’sChoice”flagsorcaloriccontent.Thesecond“calorie-posted”menuincludedcaloriccontentnexttodishes,whilethethird“calorie-organized”menutookitastepfurtherandcategorizedlow-caloriedishesinaseparatesection.

帕克和萊曼的研究相當(dāng)簡單,參與者只需從菜單中隨機選擇一道菜肴即可,而這些菜單都是被隨機分發(fā)的。第一份“傳統(tǒng)”的菜單看起來很常規(guī),沒有標注“主廚推薦”或者卡路里含量;第二份菜單在每道菜旁邊都標注了卡路里;而第三份則更進一步,把所有的低卡菜肴都放在了單獨的一欄。

Overall,onaverage,whenlow-caloriedisheswereseparated,participantschosedishesthatcontained11percentmorecalories.Whencalorieinformationwaspostednexttothedish,participantsmusthavefoundtheinformationhelpfulbecausetheychosedishesthatwere15percentlowerincalories.Theaveragecalorieselectionforthetraditionalmenu,however,wasawhopping1,235calories—almosthalftheFDA’srmendeddailylimit.So,postingcaloriecontentcanhelp,butpostingitinitsowncategoryiscounter-productive.

總體來說,當(dāng)?shù)涂ú穗缺环蛛x開時,參與者會選擇包含多11%卡路里的菜肴;而當(dāng)卡路里被明確標在菜肴旁邊時,由于受到這個信息的影響,參與者對卡路里的選擇低了15%。拿到傳統(tǒng)菜單的人們選擇的菜肴熱量則高達1235大卡——基本上達到了食品及藥物管理局(FDA)推薦的每日限量的一半。所以說,把卡路里含量標注出來是有益的,而把低卡菜肴單列一欄反會適得其反。

Thelow-caloriesectionwasmeanttomimicpopularchainrestaurantlow-calsectionsfromApplebee’s,RedRobinandChili’s.Forinstance,Applebee’scallsoutitshealthieroptionsinasectiontitled“Under550Calories”,whileChili’suses“LighterChoices”tocategorizeitsmorenutritiousoptions.MenuitemsalsotooktheircuefromplacessuchasCheesecakeFactory(whichboastsmorethan200menuitems),OliveGarden,RedLobsterandmore.

低卡菜單意在模仿如蘋果蜂、紅羅賓和小辣椒等生意紅火的連鎖餐廳的模式。例如,蘋果蜂有一個菜單叫做“低于550大卡”,小辣椒也用“更輕盈的選擇”菜單來標注更有營養(yǎng)的選項。菜單上的餐點同樣受了如芝士工廠、橄欖花園、紅龍蝦等餐廳的啟發(fā)。

Whattheyfoundwasthat,evenaftercontrollingforpriceandage,peoplearereallynotinterestedinhealthyoptions.Ifyou’reinarestaurantpressedfortimeyou’requicklylookingforwaystoeliminateoptions,andmoreoftenthannot,eliminatingthe“HealthyOptions”sectionisaneasychoice.

他們也發(fā)現(xiàn),控制了價格和年齡之后,人們還是對健康選項不太感興趣;尤其是當(dāng)人們時間緊張時,他們快速瀏覽選項時還是會輕而易舉地過濾掉“健康之馴那一欄。

Surprisingly,whenalow-caloriedishisn’tseparatedfromthemenu,butplacedwithinitsappropriatesection(avegetariansandwichgoesunderSandwiches)ithasabetterchanceofbeingselected,saysParker.

帕克說,出人意料的是,如果低卡菜肴沒有從菜單上分出來,而是正常排在菜單里的話,人們往往會更樂于選擇。

“Ifthisconsumerwantsabarbecuebaconcheeseburger,heisgoingtohavetoacceptthehighcaloriecountthateswithit,”writesParker.“Assumethatalow-calorieoptionisalsointheconsumer’sconsiderationset(perhapsaturkeyburger).Theconsumerknowsthathehastogiveupsomethingintastetogetfewercalories,butaturkeyburgerisstillaburger.Thus,thelikelihoodthatitwillbechosenincreasessimplyduetoitbeingincludedintheconsiderationset.”

“如果顧客想選擇培根芝士漢堡,那他就得接受隨之而來的高熱量?!迸量苏f,“假設(shè)顧客也曾考慮過低卡選項(可能是火雞肉漢堡),那他就知道為了攝入少一點的熱量,他得放棄一點口感的追求。但是漢堡還是漢堡,因此,既然被考慮過了,那它被選擇的可能性還會增加?!?/p>

Surprisingly,Parkersays,ifcustomersweregivenmoretime,selectingalow-caloriemealwouldincrease.Thiswouldensuretheyhadmoretimetoperuseoptionsandkeepcustomersre-thinkingthatGrilledChickenSandwichwith610calories,versustheCaribbeanCrispyChickenSaladwith1375calories.

但是帕克也說,如果顧客有更多的時間選擇,那他們點低卡餐點的幾率還會增加。有更多的時間意味著他們能夠更仔細考慮,這樣他們也會重新想想是選擇610大卡的烤雞三明治,還是1375大卡的加勒比脆皮雞沙拉。

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