朗閣海外考試研究中心

在雅思寫作中，提到犯罪類的寫作話題，很多學(xué)生會覺得其中的一些內(nèi)容是十分陌生的，而且在面對這類寫作話題時，會時常感到無從下手，不知從何談起。以下是與犯罪類有關(guān)的三大原則，考生如將這幾大原則靈活地運用到自己的文章中去，即使再碰到類似話題，也不會措手不及了。

量刑原則

1.Somepeoplebelievethatthereshouldbefixedpunishmentforeachtypeofcrime.Others,however,arguethatthecircumstancesofanindividualcrime,andthemotivationformittingit,shouldalwaysbetakenintoaccountwhendecidingonthepunishment.Discussboththeseviewsandgiveyourownopinion.

Argumentsforfixedpunishment:

1.固定懲罰可以確保公正性

Fixedpunishmentisasuremeasuretoavoidanyunfairnessoccurringinthecourtoflaw,guaranteeingthejusticeoflaws,regardlessoftheirgender,race,religion,socialstatus,etc.

2.固定懲罰可以起到震懾作用

Thiskindofpenaltyexertsadeterringeffectonthepotentialcriminals,i.e.,ifsomeoneisinclinedtomitsomeoffenses,theywouldnotmakedecisionseasily.

Argumentsagainstfixedpunishment:

1.在一些特殊情況下的犯罪可以減刑

Someoffendersdonotintendtodoillegaldeeds,buteitherareforcedtodosoorareforself-protectionpurposes.

2.有些犯罪動機可以得到豁免

Undersuchcircumstancesasnaturaldisasters,manypeoplestealsomenecessitiesinordertogothroughthesedifficulties,likestealingfoodfromthegroceryormarketsordrugsfromthehospitalorclinic,whichisfullyjustifiedforthemtobeexemptfromthesecrimes.

2.Cancapitalpunishment(deathpenalty)everbejustified?

Argumentsagainstcapitalpunishment:

1.死刑只是對罪犯的一種處罰，而并不能夠?qū)⒎缸镄袨橹惺芎φ呱旎兀蛘哔r償其所遭受的傷害。

Capitalpunishment,whicheventhoughmanagestobringthecriminalstojustice,couldbynomeanspensateforphysical,mentalandpsychologicalsufferingsinflictedonvictims,orinsomeextremecases,bringbacktheirlives.

2.無論一個人犯多大的錯誤，其他人都無權(quán)剝奪其生命。（人權(quán)）

Itisentirelyunjustifiedtodepriveoneofhis/herrightstoliveregardlessofhowinsanelysevereandcrueltheoffenseshe/shehasmittedare.（Thissubjectmatterhasboileddowntothecontroversialissueofhumanrights.）

Argumentsforcapitalpunishment:

1.如果死刑犯沒有受到最為嚴厲的懲罰，那么這對受害者是不公平的。

Itwouldbeonlyfairforthevictimsifthecriminalsaresubjecttothegreatestfearofall—death.

2.如果死刑取消的話，那么很多潛在的罪犯就不會顧忌做出一些極為可怕的犯罪行為。

Ifcapitalpunishmentisevertobedoneawaywith,thepotentialwrong-doerswouldn’tbedeterredfrommittingstaggeringlyseriousoffensesamongwhichserialmurderprovesparticularlyappalling.

懲處罪犯原則

1.Shouldcriminalsbesenttoprisonsorplacedoneducationandjobretraining?

Argumentsforprison:

1.監(jiān)獄同教育或就業(yè)培訓(xùn)相比有很強的阻嚇作用，這樣可以有效地抑制犯罪率的上升。

Instarkcontrasttoplacingcriminalsoneducationalcoursesoremploymentretraining,prisonsappearedmoreeffectiveindeterringpotential,would-bewrongdoersfrommittingcrimes,thusdrasticallydecreasingthelikelihoodofrisingcrimerate.

2.監(jiān)獄更多地對罪犯來說是一種懲罰，因此能夠避免再犯。

Imprisonmentisapunitivemeasureimposedoncriminalswhoarehighlyunlikelytoturnintoarecidivistinconsiderationoftheirfearofsettingfootintojailseveragain.

Argumentsforeducationandjobretraining:

1.罪犯在監(jiān)獄里所被包圍的是一群囚犯，這對罪犯的改造不是好的，反而是不好的影響。接受教育可以讓罪犯在一個積極的環(huán)境里，真正地意識到對與錯。

Surroundedbypeoplewhoprobablyhavemittedevenmoreseriouscharges,the“new”criminalsareexposedtosuchdestructiveimpact.Educationservestocorrectanymisconceptionoreliminatetwistedthoughtstheyhavebyimmersingtheminapositiveenvironment.

2.大多數(shù)罪犯往往是沒有什么文化知識和生存技能，出獄后通常很難找到工作。教育和就業(yè)培訓(xùn)能夠讓他們在日后的生活中靠自己生存下去，而不至于因為沒有收入來源而再次誤入歧途。

Asignificantproportionofcriminalsaresadlyilliteratewithoutadequatefundamentalknowledgeandsurvivalskillsanditwouldnotbeeasyforthemtofindadecentjobafterbeingreleasedfromthejail.Withconvenientaccesstoeducationandjobretraining,theyareabletosurvivebythemselves,greatlyreducingthechanceofbingarecidivistintimeswhentheyarefinanciallychallenged.

2.Sendingcriminalstoprisonisnotthebestmethodofdealingwiththem.Educationandjobtrainingarebetterwaystohelpthem.Doyouagreeordisagree?

在支持把犯人送入監(jiān)獄的觀點與上文一樣。

有其他更好的方法，可以提及再教育、職業(yè)培訓(xùn)、社區(qū)服務(wù)、罰款等方法都是更可行的懲罰方式。這些方式既能有效地懲罰犯罪，又為社會創(chuàng)造了財富。

此外，比起懲罰，預(yù)防才是降低犯罪治本的辦法，政府應(yīng)當(dāng)加強媒體宣傳，增強民眾法制觀念，關(guān)心弱勢群體。

青少年犯罪原則

Inmanypartsoftheworldchildrenandteenagersaremittingmorecrimes.

Whyisthiscasehappening?Howshouldchildrenorteenagersbepunished?

青少年犯罪的原因：

1.家庭：存在家庭暴力的家庭和被父母忽視甚至虐待的家庭中的孩子更有可能犯罪。

Thesoaringcrimerateofteenagersismainlyduetothefamily,rangingfromthedomesticviolencetoentireignorancetoparentalspoil.

2.媒體：電視、電腦游戲、網(wǎng)絡(luò)中充斥著大量的暴力與色情內(nèi)容。

Theviolenceandpornographyaresomonontheintethatchildrenandteenagersarehighlyexposedtothiskindofinappropriateinformation.

懲罰方法：

1.再教育reeducation

Alargenumberofteenagersmitcrimesarepartlybecauseoftheirignoranceintheknowledgeoflawsandregulations,havingnoideaoftheresponsibilitytheywillassumeiftheydosuchillegalthings.Givingthemeducationwillbeaneffectivewaytomakethembeawareoftheirguilty.

2.社區(qū)服蝝unityservice

Communityserviceenablesthesepeopletotaketheresponsibilityofmakingupfortheircrimes.

如果考試能將上文中出現(xiàn)的思想和句子與自己的文章進行很好的融化，那么對于這種類型的話題就不會覺得束手無策了。