1)since+過(guò)去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)(如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點(diǎn)、1980,lastmonth,halfpastsix)。

Ihavebeenheresince1989.

2)since+一段時(shí)間+ago

Ihavebeenheresincefivemonthsago.

3)since+從句

Greatchangeshavetakenplacesinceyouleft.

Considerabletimehaselapsedsincewehavebeenhere.

4)Itis+一段時(shí)間+since從句

ItistwoyearssinceIbecameapostgraduatestudent.

Since用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作起始時(shí)間，for用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度。

Ihavelivedhereformorethantwentyyears.

IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn..

Myaunthasworkedinaclinicsince1949.

Somenewoilfieldshavebeenopenedupsince1976.

IhaveknownXiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.

MybrotherhasbeenintheYouthLeaguefortwoyears.

Ihavenotheardfrommyuncleforalongtime.

注意：并非有for作為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

Iworkedhereformorethantwentyyears.

(我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作。)

Ihaveworkedhereformanyyears.

(現(xiàn)在我仍在這里工作。)

小竅門(mén)：當(dāng)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)+一段時(shí)間，這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，我們用下面的公式轉(zhuǎn)化，很容易就能排除非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞在完成時(shí)中的誤使。

1)(對(duì))TomhasstudiedRussianforthreeyears.

=TombegantostudyRussianthreeyearsago,andisstillstudyingitnow.

2)(錯(cuò))Harryhasgotmarriedforsixyears.

=Harrybegantogetmarriedsixyearsago,andisstillgettingmarriednow.

顯然，第二句不對(duì)，它應(yīng)改為Harrygotmarriedsixyearsago.或Harryhasbeenmarriedforsixyears.