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【徐州朗閣英語(yǔ)】新托福寫(xiě)作教育話題:孩子與教育的關(guān)系
【徐州朗閣英語(yǔ)】新托福寫(xiě)作教育話題:孩子與教育的關(guān)系
40 2017-07-31
朗閣海外考試研究中心黃蓉
新托福寫(xiě)作經(jīng)常會(huì)出一些限定人物主體的話題,比如說(shuō)年輕人(youngpeople),老年人(elderly),老師(teacher),教授(professor),家長(zhǎng)(parent),名人(celebrity)等等。但是很多同學(xué)并不會(huì)從這些主體人群的不同特點(diǎn)來(lái)分析題目,進(jìn)而寫(xiě)出一篇非?;\統(tǒng)不是很切題的文章。下面朗閣海外考試研究中心的專家將給大家分析一種人群——孩子(children),首先我們先回顧下曾經(jīng)考過(guò)的children話題:
1.Somepeoplethinkthatchildrenshouldbegintheirformaleducationataveryearlyageandshouldspendmostoftheirtimeonschoolstudies.Othersbelievethatyoungchildrenshouldspendmostoftheirtimeplaying.Comparethesetwoviews.Whichviewdoyouagreewith?Why?(小孩應(yīng)該在很小的時(shí)候接受正規(guī)教育并花費(fèi)大量時(shí)間在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)上,還是應(yīng)該玩耍?)
2.Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Childrenshouldberequiredtohelpwithhouseholdtasksassoonastheyareabletodoso.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.(孩子應(yīng)該在可能的時(shí)候幫助做家務(wù)。同意與否?)
3.Agift(suchasacamera,asoccerball,orananimal)cancontributetoachild’sdevelopment.Whatgiftwouldyougivetohelpachilddevelop?Why?Usereasonsandspecificexamplestosupportyourchoice.(一個(gè)禮品比如照相機(jī),足球,或動(dòng)物可以對(duì)小孩的成長(zhǎng)有幫助,你愿意給小孩什么禮物幫助他成長(zhǎng)?)
4.Someyoungchildrenspendagreatamountoftheirtimepracticingsports.Discusstheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthis.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.(很小的小孩花費(fèi)太多時(shí)間從事體育的好處和壞處?)
5.Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Gamesareasimportantforadultsastheyareforchildren.Usespecificreasonsandexamplestosupportyouranswer.(游戲?qū)Τ赡耆撕托『⒆油瑯又匾馀c否?)
6.Doyouagreeordisagreewiththefollowingstatement?Youngerschoolchildrenaged5to10shouldberequiredtostudyartandmusicinadditiontomath,language,scienceandhistory.(5-10歲的孩子應(yīng)該被要求學(xué)習(xí)除了數(shù)學(xué),語(yǔ)言,科學(xué)以及歷史以外的繪畫(huà)和音樂(lè)。)
以上這些題目都是最近一些關(guān)于孩子的真題,不難發(fā)現(xiàn),現(xiàn)在對(duì)孩子的話題比較多并且比較泛,牽扯到很多,如孩子的學(xué)習(xí)與玩耍,孩子要不要做家務(wù),禮物對(duì)孩子的影響,孩子與運(yùn)動(dòng),孩子與游戲,孩子與藝術(shù)音樂(lè)等的關(guān)系。其實(shí)在討論這些話題之前,學(xué)生們是否對(duì)孩子這個(gè)特殊的群體有了解呢?還是僅僅泛泛而談把年輕人或普遍大眾的特征強(qiáng)加到孩子身上去呢?下面我們來(lái)了解并解答這些題目我們需要什么樣的關(guān)于孩子的背景知識(shí)。今天首先通過(guò)一個(gè)教育家JeanPiaget談及孩子的教育給大家一些觀點(diǎn)和語(yǔ)言上的啟發(fā):
InfanteducationistheInfant"istypicallyappliedtochildrenbetweentheagesof1monthand12months.(時(shí)間)
Earlychildhoodeducationfocusesonchildren'slearningthroughplay,basedontheresearchandphilosophyofJeanPiaget.(理論)Thisbeliefiscenteredonthe"powerofplay".Ithasbeenthoughtthatchildrenlearnmoreefficientlyandgainmoreknowledgethroughplay-basedactivitiessuchasdramaticplay,art,andsocialgames.Thistheoryplaysstemschildren'snaturalcuriosityandtendenciesto"makebelieve",mixingineducationallessons.(這句話非常適合用于托福寫(xiě)作中,說(shuō)明孩子為什么需要玩耍。)
AccordingtoPiaget’stheory,whenyoungchildrenencounterinformationthatconflictswiththeirpreviouslylearnedexpectations,orschemes,theyattempttobothamodateandassimilatethenewinformation.Throughamodation,achildattemptstoadapthis/hermentalschemesandrepresentationsinordertomakethemconsistentwithreality.Throughassimilation,achildattemptstofitnewinformationintotheirpre-existingschemesaboutreality.Throughthesetwoprocesses,youngchildrenlearnbyequilibratingtheirmentalrepresentationsofrealitywiththerealitytheyencounter.(這段非常有邏輯的論證了孩子是如何在經(jīng)驗(yàn)中和實(shí)踐中不斷學(xué)習(xí)和成長(zhǎng)的。)
ByapplyingPiaget’stheoriestoschoolprograms,children’sexperiencesbemorehands-onandconcreteastheyexplorethenatureofthingsthroughtrialanderror.(很適用于我們托福寫(xiě)作中孩子犯錯(cuò)的情況)Hebelievesthatearlychildhoodeducationincludesencouragingexploration,manipulatingobjectsandlearningabouttheworldthroughfieldtrips.(很好用的平行結(jié)構(gòu)加論據(jù))Piagetfoundthatchildrenwhowereallowedtomakemistakesoftenlearnedfromthemanddiscoverednewsolutions.(適用于創(chuàng)新)Thistheorypositsthatchildrenbuildtheirownwayoflearning-pavingthewayforearlychildhoodeducation.
Piaget’stheoryhavebeensignificantininfluencingearlychildhoodeducationpractices–howeducatorsshouldteach,howtheycanaffectchildren’slearning,andhowtheycontributetothecognitivedevelopmentofthechild.(一個(gè)非常漂亮的平行結(jié)構(gòu)。)
這篇文章在很好的程度上解釋了:
1.孩子為什么要玩耍,如為了迎合好奇心,漸漸形成自己的意識(shí),成長(zhǎng)以及經(jīng)驗(yàn)的不斷更正的需要。
2.怎么玩耍,如可以排演戲劇,體育鍛煉,參加短途旅游,學(xué)習(xí)藝術(shù)。
3.玩耍過(guò)程中可能犯一些錯(cuò)誤都是為了認(rèn)識(shí)世界做準(zhǔn)備的,都給予了非常好的解釋,這些對(duì)孩子的早期教育有著深遠(yuǎn)的影響。
4.在詞句上大量用了平行結(jié)構(gòu)和學(xué)術(shù)詞匯,雖然不是非常難,但是非常地道,考生們可以學(xué)習(xí)這樣的詞句來(lái)寫(xiě)托福寫(xiě)作獨(dú)立作文,一定是非常有效果的。
這篇文章完全可以作為背景知識(shí),看看外國(guó)學(xué)術(shù)專家們是如何看待一些托福常見(jiàn)話題的內(nèi)容的,同時(shí)也看看外國(guó)專家的邏輯是如何緊湊的。
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