高考英語(yǔ)作文寫作技巧攻略
203 2018-05-24
以前,英語(yǔ)作文評(píng)分的依據(jù)是根據(jù)要點(diǎn)和語(yǔ)言準(zhǔn)確度而定。但是今年實(shí)行的高考評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)強(qiáng)調(diào)了內(nèi)容要點(diǎn),語(yǔ)言的多樣性、連貫性和得體性, 鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生嘗試語(yǔ)言表達(dá)的多樣化和復(fù)雜化。因此要寫成一篇較有水準(zhǔn)的英語(yǔ)作文,除了要點(diǎn)和語(yǔ)言準(zhǔn)確度以外,還必須在語(yǔ)用、語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)以及表達(dá)的多樣性和靈活性上有所表現(xiàn)。句子單一、缺乏生氣的文章,哪怕沒(méi)有任何錯(cuò)誤也不可能得高分,相反,“有些許錯(cuò)誤,但是為了使用較復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)或較高級(jí)詞匯所致”,給分檔次仍在更高檔。那么,英語(yǔ)作文如何才能得高分呢?
一、掌握技巧:
(一)注意篇章結(jié)構(gòu),合理布局
開(kāi)始部分——說(shuō)出文中的要點(diǎn)、核心問(wèn)題。
正文部分——圍繞主題開(kāi)展敘述、討論。
結(jié)尾部分——對(duì)全文的總結(jié)和概括。
要做到全文中心突出、段落之間必須是有機(jī)地聯(lián)系,內(nèi)容完整、連貫。前后呼應(yīng),祛除與主題無(wú)關(guān)的內(nèi)容。
(二)確定主題句
主題句是對(duì)全文的概括,是文章的主旨。它能在文章中起到“畫龍點(diǎn)睛”的作用。通常主題句出現(xiàn)在一篇文章的開(kāi)頭,而后,全文對(duì)主題句所提出的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行解釋,擴(kuò)展。
寫主題句應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn):
①歸納出你要寫的文章的幾個(gè)要點(diǎn)。
②提煉出一句具有概括性的話。
③主題句應(yīng)具有可讀性,抓住、吸引讀者。
二、如何寫出“亮點(diǎn)”
以下幾種手段是增加句子復(fù)雜性的常見(jiàn)方法,也是得高分的“亮點(diǎn)”:
(一)改變句子的開(kāi)頭方式,不是一味地都是主語(yǔ)開(kāi)頭,接著是謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ),更后再加一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)??梢园褷钫Z(yǔ)置于句首,或用分詞作狀語(yǔ)等。
試比較:
1.(原文) My brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle the other day.
(修正) The other day my brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle.
2.(原文) The young man couldn’t help crying when he heard the bad news.
(修正) Hearing the bad news, the young man couldn’t help crying.
(二)在整篇文章中,避免只使用一兩個(gè)句式,要靈活運(yùn)用諸如強(qiáng)調(diào)句、主從復(fù)合句、分詞短語(yǔ)、倒裝句、省略句等。
1. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句
(原文) The dog has saved my little sister bravely.
(修正) It is the dog that has saved my little sister bravely.
2. 主從復(fù)合句
(原文) We had to stand there to catch the offender.
(修正) What we had to do was to stand there, trying to catch the offender.
3. 分詞短語(yǔ)、由with或without引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)
(原文) The driver escaped and didn’t stop, he left the old man lying on the road.
(修正) The driver escaped without stopping, leaving the old man lying on the road.
4. 倒裝句
(原文) I went to bed at 11:30.
(修正) Not until 11:30 did I go to bed.
5. 省略句
(原文) While you are crossing the street, you should be careful.
(修正) While crossing the street, you should be careful.
(三)通過(guò)分句和合句,增強(qiáng)句子的連貫性和表現(xiàn)力。
(原文) He stopped us an hour ago. He made us catch the next offender.
(修正) He stopped us half an hour ago and made us catch the next offender.
(原文) We had a short rest. Then we began to play happily. We sang and danced.
(修正) After a short rest, we had great fun singing and dancing.
(四)使用過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ)
寫好了每個(gè)句子,并不一定就是一篇好文章,因?yàn)樽鳛橐黄恼?還必須行文連貫。那么,如何使文章行文連貫?zāi)?這就要求我們?cè)诮M成篇章時(shí),要用好過(guò)渡性詞語(yǔ),過(guò)渡性詞語(yǔ)就像是我們組裝機(jī)械時(shí)使用的潤(rùn)滑劑一樣,起著潤(rùn)滑的作用。
常用過(guò)渡詞
并列遞進(jìn):and, also, as well as, besides, what’s more, moreover, furthermore, etc.
轉(zhuǎn)折:but, yet, however, although, nevertheless, in spite of, after all, etc.
因果:because, as, for, since, for this reason, because of, so, therefore, thus, as a result, etc.
對(duì)比:or, otherwise, like, unlike, on the contrary, while, on the other hand, instead of, etc.
總結(jié):in all, in brief, on the whole, in short, in general, in one word, to sum up, in conclusion, etc.
總之,要使文章的層次高,可讀性強(qiáng),考生應(yīng)增加些較高級(jí)的詞匯與復(fù)雜的結(jié)構(gòu),并運(yùn)用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞和復(fù)合句,只有這樣,才能在考試中取得理想的成績(jī)。
三、高考英語(yǔ)文章主體段落三大殺手锏
(一)舉實(shí)例
思維短路,舉實(shí)例!提出一個(gè)觀點(diǎn),舉實(shí)例!提出一個(gè)方案,舉實(shí)例!而且這也是我們揭示一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)更好的方式,任何情況下,只要我們無(wú)法繼續(xù)文章,盡管舉例子!
更多句型:to take... ,as an example, one example is, another example is, for example
(二)作比較
寫完一個(gè)要點(diǎn),比較與之相似的;又寫完一個(gè)要點(diǎn),再比較與之相反的; 世界上沒(méi)有同樣的指紋,沒(méi)有相同的樹葉,文章亦同,只有通過(guò)比較,你才會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)二者的相同點(diǎn)(through comparison)和不同點(diǎn)(through contrast)。
相似的比較:in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same manner
相反的比較: on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead, nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with …
(三)換言之
沒(méi)話說(shuō)了,可以換一句話再說(shuō),讓你的文章在多一些字,或者文鄒鄒地說(shuō),是讓讀者更充分的理解你的觀點(diǎn)。 實(shí)際就是重復(fù)重復(fù)再重復(fù)!下面的句子實(shí)際上就三個(gè)字: I love you! I am enthusiastic about you. that is to say, I love you. I am wild about you. in other words, I have fallen in love with you. 或者上面我們舉過(guò)的例子: I cannot bear it. 可以用短語(yǔ)表達(dá):I cannot put up with it. 因此可以這樣說(shuō):I cannot bear it. that is to say, I cannot put up with it or I am fed up with it.
更多短語(yǔ): in more difficult language, in simpler words, put it more simply
四、高考英語(yǔ)作文開(kāi)頭萬(wàn)能公式
(一)開(kāi)頭萬(wàn)能公式一:名人名言
有人問(wèn)了,“我沒(méi)有記住名言,怎么辦?尤其是英語(yǔ)名言?”,很好辦:編! 原理:我們看到的東西很多都是創(chuàng)造出來(lái)的,包括我們欣賞的文章也是,所以盡管編,但是一定要聽(tīng)起來(lái)很有道理呦!而且沒(méi)準(zhǔn)將來(lái)我們就是名人呢!
經(jīng)典句型: A proverb says, “ you are only young once.” (適用于已記住的名言) It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. (適用于自編名言)
(二)開(kāi)頭萬(wàn)能公式二:數(shù)字統(tǒng)計(jì)
原理:要想更有說(shuō)服力,就應(yīng)該用實(shí)際的數(shù)字來(lái)說(shuō)明。 原則上在議論文當(dāng)中是不應(yīng)該出現(xiàn)虛假數(shù)字的,可是在考試的時(shí)候哪管三七二十一,但編無(wú)妨,只要我有東西寫就萬(wàn)事大吉了。所以不妨試用下面的句型:
According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation.看起來(lái)這個(gè)數(shù)字文鄒鄒的,其實(shí)都是編造出來(lái)的,下面隨便幾個(gè)題目我們都可以這樣編造: travel by bike 根據(jù)更近的一項(xiàng)統(tǒng)計(jì)調(diào)查顯示,85%的人在近距離旅行的時(shí)候明智選擇的交通工具是自行車。
更多句型: A recent statistics shows that ...
五、高考英語(yǔ)作文結(jié)尾萬(wàn)能公式
(一)如此結(jié)論
內(nèi)容說(shuō)完了,畢竟要?dú)w納一番比如下面的例子: Obviously(此為過(guò)渡短語(yǔ)),
we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others.
更多過(guò)渡短語(yǔ): to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus
(二)如此建議
Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve the problem.
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